The IWA Efficient Conference this year was one of the best ever and I have been to many. It has a full and very interesting programme. These were my takeaways:

• Resilience: this is becoming an increasingly important topic with water loss reduction at its heart. PALM+ is an ideal tool to evaluate what the economic implication of achieving the required resilience and the impact it will have on eth customer tariff.

• Intermittent Supply: Thanks no doubt to the personal intervention of new IWA President Diane d’Arras, serious notice is finally being taken of this unacceptable but extremely common way of operating water networks. It is essential that an integrated approach is applied to the assessment, with leakage reduction as a fundamental part of the solution. PALM+ is an ideal tool.